I'm in a similar boat but have worked out a fair bit (enough) to keep up - just.
NFRNFC stands for No Rain, No Compromise. A long standing in joke.
Most other acronyms are the different weather modelling agencies from the UK and beyond. Unsure of the which is which but they each have different ranges and biases so essentially when they start to agree with one another then you can be more certain of it. The GFS gets a lot of coverage as it seems to be the longest range of the ones included here.
06Z, 12Z etc is simply the different runs of the GFS. It runs 4 times a day - can't remember what times. I think the latest is 23:30. I don't know how they differ beyond distinguishing which run in the day they are.
That's my non-weather-person attempt and what I've deduced from reading this delightful chaos. I'm probably wrong.
Edit: Oh and I think the finger relates to the high pressure coming up from Europe / Africa. As I understand it high pressure = hot / dry.